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Quelle:
Quelle: Medline Abstract Fachblatt Arch Intern Med.
Alte
Menschen benötigen bei der Grippeimpfung
einen stärkeren Impfstoff
als Jüngere
Von Dr. med. Jochen Kubitschek
Völlig unabhängig von der sog. „Vogelgrippe“ fordert die ganz
gewöhnliche Virus-Grippe Jahr für Jahr zahlreiche viele Todesopfer.
Besonders gefährdet sind ältere Menschen, da deren Immunsystem
nicht mehr so gut funktioniert wie in jüngeren Jahren.
Nun
hat ein amerikanisches Forscherteam herausgefunden, daß es Sinn
macht Menschen über 65 mit Grippe-Impfstoffen zu impfen, die deutlich
höheren Impfstoffkonzentrationen enthalten.
Je
höher konzentriert die Impfstoffe waren, um so stärker fiel auch
die Reaktion des Immunsystems und somit die Schutzwirkung der
Impfung aus. Die Impfungen wurden in allen getesteten Konzentrationen
gut vertragen. Die gelegentlich beobachteten Hautreaktionen verschwanden
schnell wieder ohne weitere negative Folgen zu hinterlassen.
Arch Intern Med. 2006 May 22;166(10):1121-7.
Safety of high doses of influenza vaccine and effect on antibody
responses in elderly persons.
Keitel WA, Atmar RL, Cate TR, Petersen NJ, Greenberg SB, Ruben
F, Couch RB.
Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College
of Medicine, Houston, Tex 77030, USA. wkeitel@bcm.tmc.edu
BACKGROUND: Immune responses after influenza immunization are
reduced in elderly individuals, the group at greatest risk for
complications and death after influenza. Improved vaccines are
needed to address this problem.
METHODS: Ambulatory individuals 65 years and older (N = 202) were
assigned randomly to receive a single intramuscular injection
of the 2001-2002 formulation of trivalent inactivated influenza
vaccine containing 15, 30, or 60 microg of hemagglutinin per strain
(up to 180 microg total per dose) or placebo. Clinical and serologic
responses were assessed during the month after immunization.
RESULTS: Increasing dosages of vaccine elicited significantly
higher serum antibody levels, frequencies of antibody responses,
and putative protective titers after vaccination. Mean serum hemagglutination
inhibition antibody titers 1 month after immunization in groups
given 0-, 15-, 30-, and 60-microg dosages were 23, 37, 50, and
61 against influenza A/H1N1; 43, 86, 91, and 125 against influenza
A/H3N2; and 10, 14, 18, and 24 against influenza B, respectively.
Mean serum hemagglutination inhibition and neutralizing antibody
levels against the 3 vaccine antigens in participants given the
60-microg dosage were 44% to 71% and 54% to 79%, respectively,
higher than those in participants given the standard 15-microg
dosage, and the 60-microg dosage level nearly doubled the frequency
of antibody responses in those whose preimmunization antibody
titers were in the lower half of the antibody range. Dose-related
increases in the occurrence of injection site reactions were observed
(P<.001), but all dosages were well tolerated.
CONCLUSION: The improved immunogenicity of high-dose influenza
vaccine among elderly persons should lead to enhanced protection
against naturally occurring influenza.
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