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im Info-Netzwerk Medizin 2000
2.1.2026
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Quelle: Medline
Abstract
Routinemäßiger
Einsatz von Antibiotika bei zahnärztlicher Behandlung?
Als
Folge bestimmter zahnärztlicher Eingriffe -mit Einschwemmung
von hochinfektiösen Bakterien in die Blutbahn- kommt es gelegentlich
zu einer infektiösen Endokarditis. Das ist eine ansteckende
Entzündung der Herzinnenhaut. Diese Komplikation zahnärztlicher
Tätigkeit ist selten - wenn es aber zu dieser Infektion kommt,
ist sie sehr gefährlich. Die American Heart Association
hat nun die bereits vor Jahren publizierten Richtlinien geändert,
aus denen sich ablesen lässt wann die Herz-Kreislaufexperten
eine vorbeugende Antibiotika-Behandlung durch den Zahnarzt sinnvoll
ist.
Das
Fazit: Antibiotika sollten nicht routinemäßig eingesetzt werden.
Sie sind nur dann erforderlich wenn die Patienten unter einer
von mehreren genannten Herzkrankheiten leiden. Krankheiten,
die den Verlauf einer Endokarditis deutlich komplizieren würden.
Gefährlich
sind in dieser Hinsicht zahnärztliche Eingriffe bei denen das
Zahnfleisch und/oder die Schleimhaut der Mundhöhle stark in
Mitleidenschaft gezogen werden. Die Experten sind außerdem
der Meinung, dass sich nur ein sehr kleiner Teil der Endokarditis-Infektionen
durch Antibiotika verhindern ließe. Dies selbst dann, wenn die
Therapie zu 100% wirksam wäre.

Die
vollständige englischsprachige Kurzversion dieser Studie (sog.
MEDLINE Abstract) finden Sie
hier
Guidelines for prevention of infective endocarditis
An
explanation of the changes
Peter B. Lockhart, DDS, chairman
The
full 2007 American Heart Association (AHA) guidelines for
prevention of infective endocarditis were published online
ahead of print in the AHA journal Circulation on
April 19, 2007. The portions of the guidelines pertinent
to dentistry were adopted by the American Dental
Association (ADA) and were published both on ADA.org
in April 2007 and in JADA in June 2007. However, the
decision was made to reprint this dental version because
of corrections made by the AHA to the full guidelines
before their publication in the print version of
Circulation in October 2007.1
These
AHA recommendations were developed by the AHA guidelines
writing group over a three-year period. The document
then went through a lengthy and thorough review process
whereby adult and pediatric cardiologists, infectious
diseases specialists, dentists, epidemiologists,
surgeons and others carefully reviewed the document
and made suggestions for improvement. After this process
was completed, the manuscript was approved for publication
by the AHA and was submitted to Circulation for electronic
publication. After the April 2007 publication, the
AHA writing group learned that there was confusion
among the readership regarding the use of the language
"Recommended" in the title of Tables 3 and 4
(in this supplement, Boxes 3 and 4) and "may be reasonable"
or "may be considered" in the text when referring
to the Class IIb recommendations. The writing group
has clarified this by revising the wording in the
tables and changing the language in the text to "is
reasonable." According to AHA policy for wording
of classes of recommendations, this change in language
is accompanied by a shift in the class of recommendation
from IIb to IIa (see Box 1 on page 5S of this supplement).
These
adjustments in wording have little impact on dental practice,
since they do not change either the cardiac patients or
the dental procedures indicated for antibiotic prophylaxis.
These changes have been made in the current print1
and online2
versions of the article, and in this JADA supplement,
which replaces the version published in the June
issue of JADA. Furthermore, the errata have been
made available separately online.3
As
announced in April 2007, these 2007 AHA recommendations update
the previous 1997 AHA recommendations, and there are
significant differences in the nature of the patients
now considered for prophylaxis. By eliminating the
moderate risk group of people who were considered
for prophylaxis in the 1997 AHA recommendations,
about 90 percent of people no longer are
thought to be at risk of developing infective endocarditis
as a result of dental procedures to the extent that
antibiotic prophylaxis should be considered. In
addition, the description of dental procedures to be covered
has changed from one of listing procedures that should
or should not be covered to a simple sentence that
describes the nature of procedures of concern. This
is a change that will have little, if any, impact
on the nature of dental procedures that are covered with
antibiotics.
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FOOTNOTES
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—Peter B. Lockhart, DDS, chairman, Department of Oral
Medicine, Carolinas Medical Center, Charlotte, N.C.; member,
American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis
and Kawasaki Disease Committee
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REFERENCES
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- Wilson
W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective
endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association—a
guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic
Fever, Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council
on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council
on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery
and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007;116:1736–1754.
[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Wilson
W, Taubert KA, Gewitz M, et al. Prevention of infective
endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Association—a
guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic
Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council
on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the Council
on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery
and Anesthesia, and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Interdisciplinary Working Group. Circulation 2007; 116:1736–1754.
Available at: "http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/116/15/1736".
Accessed Oct. 20, 2007.
[Abstract/Free Full Text]
- Correction
for Wilson et al., Circulation 2007;116(15):1736–54. Available
at: "http://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/circulationaha;116/15/e376".
Accessed Oct. 20, 2007.
[Abstract/Free Full Text]
Prevention of infective endocarditis: Guidelines from the American
Heart Association
A
guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever,
Endocarditis and Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular
Disease in the Young, and the Council on Clinical Cardiology,
Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and the Quality
of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group
Walter Wilson, MD, Kathryn A. Taubert,
PhD, FAHA, Michael Gewitz, MD, FAHA, Peter
B. Lockhart, DDS, Larry M. Baddour, MD,
Matthew Levison, MD, Ann Bolger, MD, FAHA,
Christopher H. Cabell, MD, MHS, Masato Takahashi,
MD, FAHA, Robert S. Baltimore, MD, Jane
W. Newburger, MD, MPH, FAHA, Brian L. Strom, MD,
Lloyd Y. Tani, MD, Michael Gerber, MD,
Robert O. Bonow, MD, FAHA, Thomas Pallasch,
DDS, MS, Stanford T. Shulman, MD, FAHA,
Anne H. Rowley, MD, Jane C. Burns, MD,
Patricia Ferrieri, MD, Timothy Gardner,
MD, FAHA, David Goff, MD, PhD, FAHA and
David T. Durack, MD, PhD
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ABSTRACT
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Background. The purpose of this statement is to update
the recommendations by the American Heart Association
(AHA) for the prevention of infective endocarditis,
which were last published in 1997.
Methods
and Results. A writing group appointed by the AHA for
their expertise in prevention and treatment of infective
endocarditis (IE) with liaison members representing
the American Dental Association, the Infectious Diseases
Society of America and the American Academy of Pediatrics.
The writing group reviewed input from national and
international experts on IE. The recommendations in
this document reflect analyses of relevant literature regarding
procedure-related bacteremia and IE; in vitro susceptibility
data of the most common microorganisms, which cause IE;
results of prophylactic studies in animal models
of experimental endocarditis; and retrospective and
prospective studies of prevention of IE. MEDLINE
database searches from 1950 through 2006 were done for
English language articles using the following search terms:
endocarditis, infective endocarditis, prophylaxis, prevention,
antibiotic, antimicrobial, pathogens, organisms, dental,
gastrointestinal, genitourinary, streptococcus,
enterococcus, staphylococcus, respiratory, dental
surgery, pathogenesis, vaccine, immunization and
bacteremia. The reference lists of the identified articles
were also searched. The writing group also searched the
AHA online library. The American College of Cardiology/AHA
classification of recommendations and levels of evidence
for practice guidelines were used. The article subsequently
was reviewed by outside experts not affiliated with
the writing group and by the AHA Science Advisory
and Coordinating Committee.
Conclusions.
The major changes in the updated recommendations include
the following. (1) The committee concluded that
only an extremely small number of cases of IE might
be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis for dental
procedures even if such prophylactic therapy were
100 percent effective.
(2)
IE prophylaxis for dental procedures should
be recommended only for patients with underlying
cardiac conditions associated with the highest risk
of adverse outcome from IE.
(3)
For patients with these underlying cardiac conditions,
prophylaxis is recommended for all
dental procedures that involve manipulation of gingival
tissue or the periapical region of teeth or perforation
of the oral mucosa. (4) Prophylaxis is not
recommended based solely on an increased lifetime
risk of acquisition of IE. (5) Administration of
antibiotics solely to prevent endocarditis is not recommended
for patients who undergo a genitourinary or gastrointestinal
tract procedure. These changes are intended to define
more clearly when IE prophylaxis is or is not recommended
and to provide more uniform and consistent global
recommendations.
Key
Words: AHA Scientific Statements; cardiovascular disease;
endocarditis; prevention; antibiotic prophylaxis
Abbreviations:
ACC: American College of Cardiology • ADA: American
Dental Association • AHA: American Heart Association
• CFU: Colony-forming unit • CHD: Congenital heart
disease • FimA: Fimbrial adhesion protein • GI:
Gastrointestinal • GU: Genitourinary • IE: Infective
endocarditis • LOE: Level of evidence • MVP: Mitral
valve prolapse • NBTE: Nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
• PVE: Prosthetic valve endocarditis • RHD: Rheumatic
heart disease
Infective
endocarditis (IE) is an uncommon but life-threatening
infection. Despite advances in diagnosis, antimicrobial therapy,
surgical techniques and management of complications, patients
with IE still have substantial morbidity and mortality
related to this condition. Since the last American
Heart Association (AHA) publication on prevention
of IE in 1997,1
many authorities, societies and the conclusions of
published studies have questioned the efficacy of
antimicrobial prophylaxis to prevent IE in patients who
undergo a dental, gastrointestinal (GI) or genitourinary
(GU) tract procedure and have suggested that the AHA guidelines
should be revised.2–5
Members of the Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis and
Kawasaki Disease Committee of the AHA Council on
Cardiovascular Disease in the Young (the Committee), and
a national and international group of experts on IE extensively
reviewed data published on the prevention of IE. The revised
guidelines for IE prophylaxis are the subject of this
report.
The
writing group was charged with the task of performing an
assessment of the evidence and giving a classification
of recommendations and a level of evidence (LOE)
to each recommendation. The American College of Cardiology
(ACC)/AHA classification system was used (Box 1 ).
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Anzeige Die angeblich weite Verbreitung von
Penicillin-Allergien, behindert die medikamentöse Behandlung von bakteriell bedingten Infektionen.
Die vom Patienten erinnerte Diagnose wird
selten überprüft und ist oft (bis
zu 90%?) falsch.
Sie führt zum unnötigen Einsatz
von teuren Reserve-Antibiotika und
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