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September 2002
Der Allergie vorbeugen: haben Kinder im ersten
Lebensjahr Kontakt zu
2 oder mehr Hunden oder Katzen, so vermindert
sich das spätere Allergierisiko ganz erheblich.
Exposure to Dogs and Cats in the First Year
of Life and Risk of Allergic Sensitization at
6 to 7 Years of Age
Dennis R. Ownby, MD; Christine Cole Johnson,
PhD; Edward L. Peterson, PhD
Context Childhood
asthma is strongly associated with allergic sensitization.
Studies have suggested that animal exposure during
infancy reduces subsequent allergic sensitization.
Objective To
evaluate the relationship between dog and cat
exposure in the first year of life and allergic
sensitization at 6 to 7 years of age.
Design, Setting,
and Subjects Prospective birth
cohort study of healthy, full-term infants enrolled
in a health maintenance organization in suburban
Detroit, Mich, who were born between April 15,
1987, and August 31, 1989, and followed up yearly
to a mean age of 6.7 years. Of 835 children initially
in the study at birth, 474 (57%) completed follow-up
evaluations at age 6 to 7 years.
Main Outcome Measures Atopy,
defined as any skin prick test positivity to 6
common aeroallergens (dust mites [Dermatophagoides
farinae, D pteronyssinus], dog, cat, short
ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifolia], and
blue grass [Poa pratensis]); seroatopy,
defined as any positive allergen-specific IgE
test result for the same 6 allergens or for Alternaria
species.
Results The
prevalence of any skin prick test positivity (atopy)
at age 6 to 7 years was 33.6% with no dog or cat
exposure in the first year of life, 34.3% with
exposure to 1 dog or cat, and 15.4% with exposure
to 2 or more dogs or cats (P = .005). The
prevalence of any positive allergen-specific IgE
test result (seroatopy) was 38.5% with no dog
or cat exposure, 41.2% with exposure to 1 dog
or cat, and 17.9% with exposure to 2 or more dogs
or cats (P = .003). After adjustment for
cord serum IgE concentration, sex, older siblings,
parental smoking, parental asthma, bedroom dust
mite allergen levels at 2 years, and current dog
and cat ownership, exposure to 2 or more dogs
or cats in the first year of life was associated
with a significantly lower risk of atopy (adjusted
odds ratio, 0.23; 95% confidence interval, 0.09-0.60)
and seroatopy (adjusted odds ratio, 0.33; 95%
confidence interval, 0.13-0.83).
Conclusion Exposure
to 2 or more dogs or cats in the first year of
life may reduce subsequent risk of allergic sensitization
to multiple allergens during childhood.
JAMA. 2002;288:963-972
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Author/Article Information
Author Affiliations: Section of Allergy
and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical
College of Georgia, Augusta (Dr Ownby); Department
of Biostatistics and Research Epidemiology, Henry
Ford Health System, Detroit, Mich (Drs Johnson
and Peterson); National Institute of Environmental
Health Sciences Center in Molecular and Cellular
Toxicology with Human Applications, Wayne State
University, Detroit (Drs Johnson and Peterson).
Corresponding Author and Reprints: Dennis
R. Ownby, MD, Section of Allergy and Immunology,
Department of Pediatrics, BG-1019, Medical College
of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912-3790 (e-mail: downby@mail.mcg.edu).
Author Contributions:
Study concept and design: Ownby, Johnson.
Acquisition of
data: Ownby, Johnson.
Analysis and interpretation
of data: Ownby, Johnson, Peterson.
Drafting of the
manuscript: Ownby, Johnson, Peterson.
Critical revision
of the manuscript for important intellectual content:
Ownby, Johnson, Peterson.
Statistical expertise:
Peterson.
Obtained funding:
Ownby, Johnson.
Administrative,
technical, or material support: Ownby, Johnson.
Study supervision:
Ownby, Johnson.
Funding/Support:
This work was supported by grant AI 24156 from
the National Institute of Allergic and Infectious
Diseases, by the Fund for Henry Ford Hospital,
and by grant PO3ES06639 from the National Institute
of Environmental Health Sciences.
Financial Disclosure:
Dr Ownby has received honoraria from AstraZeneca,
Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Schering, Merck, and
Aventis.
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